Nawawi Hadith 8: The Sanctity of a Muslim

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الحَمْدُ لِلهِ وَالصَّلاَةُ وَالسَّلاَمُ عَلَى رَسُوْلِ اللهِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ وَمَنْ وَالَاهُ وَبَعْدُ

Hadith 8: The Sanctity of a Muslim حرمة المسلم

English

Arabic

On the authority of Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: I have been ordered to fight against the people until they testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and until they establish the Salah and pay the Zakah. And if they do so then they will have gained protection from me for their lives and property, unless [they commit acts that are punishable] in accordance to Islam, and their reckoning will be with Allah the Almighty. [Bukhari & Muslim]

عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه و سلم قَالَ: “أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ، وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ؛ فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إلَّا بِحَقِّ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى” . [رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ] ،[وَمُسْلِمٌ]

Notes

“The people” here refers to the Arab polytheists. This is what Allah ta’ala Willed for the Muslims and the outcome was better for everyone.

Ibn Taymiyyah commented on this tradition, saying:

مُرَادُهُ قِتَالُ الْمُحَارِبِينَ الَّذِينَ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ فِي قِتَالِهِمْ لَمْ يُرِدْ قِتَالَ الْمُعَاهَدِينَ الَّذِينَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِوَفَاءِ عَهْدِهِمْ

The meaning of this tradition is to fight those who are waging war, whom Allah has called us to fight. It does not mean to fight those who have made peace, with whom Allah has commanded us to fulfill their peace.

Source: Majmū’ al-Fatāwá 19/20

Ibn Taymiyyah writes:

الكفار إنما يقاتلون بشرط الحراب كما ذهب اليه جمهور العلماء وكما دل عليه الكتاب والسنة

The unbelievers are only fought on the condition that they declare war according to the majority of scholars, as is evident in the Book and Sunnah.

Source: al-Nubūwāt 1/140

And Ibn al-Qayyim writes:

وَلَمْ يُكْرِهْ أَحَدًا قَطُّ عَلَى الدِّينِ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ يُقَاتِلُ مَنْ يُحَارِبُهُ وَيُقَاتِلُهُ وَأَمَّا مَنْ سَالَمَهُ وَهَادَنَهُ فَلَمْ يُقَاتِلْهُ وَلَمْ يُكْرِهْهُ عَلَى الدُّخُولِ فِي دِينِهِ

The Prophet never forced the religion upon anyone, but rather he only fought those who waged war against him and fought him. As for those who made peace with him or conducted a truce, then he never fought them and he never compelled them to enter his religion

Source: Hidāyat al-Ḥayārá 1/237

Ali ibn Abi Talib reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

إِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ بَعْدِي اخْتِلَافٌ أَوْ أَمْرٌ فَإِنْ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تَكُونَ السِّلْمَ فَافْعَل

Verily, after me there will be conflicts or affairs, so if you are able to end them in peace then do so.

Source: Musnad Aḥmad 697, Grade: Sahih

Related Hadith

Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Whoever prays our prayer, faces our direction of prayer, and eats our slaughtered animals, they are Muslims under the protection of Allah and His Messenger. Thus, do not betray Allah in the matter of His protection.” Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 391 Grade: Sahih (authentic) according to Al-Bukhari	عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاتَنَا وَاسْتَقْبَلَ قِبْلَتَنَا وَأَكَلَ ذَبِيحَتَنَا فَذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُ الَّذِي لَهُ ذِمَّةُ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةُ رَسُولِهِ فَلَا تُخْفِرُوا اللَّهَ فِي ذِمَّتِهِ 391 صحيح البخاري كتاب الصلاة أبواب استقبال القبلة باب فضل استقبال القبلة
Al-Bara’ reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “The passing of the world is less significant to Allah than the killing of a believer without a just cause.” Source: Sunan Ibn Mājah 2619 Grade: Sahih (authentic) according to Al-Albani	عَنْ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَزَوَالُ الدُّنْيَا أَهْوَنُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ قَتْلِ مُؤْمِنٍ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ 2619 سنن ابن ماجه كتاب الديات باب التغليظ في قتل مسلم ظلما 2138 المحدث الألباني خلاصة حكم المحدث صحيح في صحيح ابن ماجه
Ibn Abbas reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, looked at the Ka’bah and he said, “How great are you and how great is your sanctity! Yet, the believer has greater sanctity to Allah than you. Verily, Allah sanctified you once and sanctified the believer thrice in his life, his wealth, and to not assume evil about him.” Source: Shu’ab al-Imān 6196 Grade: Hasan (fair) according to Al-Albani	عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ نَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ مَا أَعْظَمَكِ وَأَعْظَمَ حُرْمَتَكِ وَلَلْمُؤْمِنُ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْكِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مِنْكِ وَاحِدَةً وَحَرَّمَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِ ثَلاثًا دَمَهُ وَمَالَهُ وَأَنْ يُظَنَّ بِهِ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ 6196 شعب الإيمان للبيهقي تحريم أعراض الناس وما يلزم من ترك الوقوع فيها 3420 المحدث الألباني خلاصة حكم المحدث إسناده حسن رجاله ثقات في السلسلة الصحيحة
Abdullah ibn Umar reported: I saw the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, circling the Ka’bah and saying, “How pure you are and how pure is your fragrance! How great you are and how great is your sanctity! By the one in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, the sanctity of the believer is greater to Allah than your sanctity, in his wealth, his life, and to assume nothing of him but good.” Source: Sunan Ibn Mājah 3932 Grade: Sahih li ghayri (authentic due to external evidence) according to Al-Albani	عن عبد الله بن عمر قَالَ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ بِالْكَعْبَةِ وَيَقُولُ مَا أَطْيَبَكِ وَأَطْيَبَ رِيحَكِ مَا أَعْظَمَكِ وَأَعْظَمَ حُرْمَتَكِ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَحُرْمَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ أَعْظَمُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ حُرْمَةً مِنْكِ مَالِهِ وَدَمِهِ وَأَنْ نَظُنَّ بِهِ إِلَّا خَيْرًا 3932 سنن ابن ماجه كتاب الفتن باب حرمة دم المؤمن وماله 2441 المحدث: الألباني خلاصة حكم المحدث: صحيح لغيره في صحيح الترغيب

Back to Forty Hadith of imam an-Nawawi

External links

• Link to Abu Amina Elias article on this hadith
• The Life of the Prophet Muhammad in Terms of Battles and Expeditions, Gokalp 2021

والله أعلم